What is a significant effect of acute exercise on natural killer (NK) cells?

Acute exercise has been shown to enhance the immune response, particularly through the activity of natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are important components of the innate immune system, providing a rapid response to viral infections and tumor cells. During and shortly after acute exercise, the circulation of NK cells increases, allowing for a more robust immune surveillance.

The enhancement in the activity of NK cells post-exercise is attributed to physiological changes such as increased blood circulation, production of catecholamines, and cytokines that promote NK cell mobilization. This means that acute bouts of physical activity can temporarily bolster the immune system, making it more effective at identifying and combating potential threats, such as infections or cancer cells. This effect is often referred to as the "open window" where exercise provides a boost to the immune system, improving its overall functionality.

Understanding this mechanism highlights the importance of regular physical activity for maintaining immune health, especially as it relates to the proactive roles that NK cells play in disease prevention.